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Sunflowers have always been the target of disease. Even though some of them are most dominant in certain locations in the U.S., others manifest wherever the crop is grown. For example, head rot is prevalent throughout California, but downy mildew can be found on crops harvested across the entire country. Over the past few decades, more than 30 diseases have been found on crops (though most of them either won’t cause severe damage or can be controlled easily). Below, we’ll explore a few of the most important diseases and the type of damage they usually cause.
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Rust
Rust is a constant thorn in the side of commercial growers because it evolves, making it difficult (though, not impossible) to cultivate resistant hybrids. It’s caused by a fungus called Puccinia helianthi and shows up on sunflower planted throughout the U.S. In mild cases, you’ll notice auburn-colored spots showing up on the leaves and stems. When an infestation has occurred, rust can show up on the backs of the heads.
The damage caused by rust can be substantial. It can lead to reduced seed count, smaller seed size, and less oil content. The most effective way to prevent an infestation is to plant resistant breeds, though again, it’s hard to keep up with the fungi’s evolution. Also, it’s worth noting that some types of fertilizer can make the problem even worse.
Downy Mildew
Another disease that affects sunflower crops nationwide is downy mildew. It’s usually found in places where the soil is either water-logged or has a significant amount of clay. For years, professional growers were able to use resistant breeds to keep it at bay. However, new strains of the parent fungus (Plasmopara halstedii) have caused growers to revisit their methods. Most hybrids that are used commercially can resist a couple of different strains of downy mildew. However, 9 strains have been identified in the U.S.
This fungus often takes hold at the seedling stage. When that happens, it stunts the growth of the crop and causes the heads to face skyward (as opposed to nodding late in the growth cycle). If the infection spreads across the entire crop, it can have a significant impact on seed yield.
Spots
Spots can appear on the stems and leaves of sunflowers due to 2 different fungi: Alternaria helianthi and Alternaria zinniae. They’re dark brown and can gain control quickly during the flowering stages. The infection is mostly seen in crops that are grown in the Northern states and is associated with high humidity and warm temperatures. If you plant sunflowers in soil that is already infected, there’s a good chance you’ll see spots during the early growth stages.
There are a couple of fungicides that can be used on crops to prevent an infestation. But, most growers prefer to use crop rotation methods. When they notice sunflowers that are infected with spots, they’ll typically bury them, so they’ll decompose quickly.
Disease Management
The strategies that are used to manage the onset and spread of diseases vary by grower. Some use fungicides and seed treatments. Others rotate crops. Most professional growers make use of hybrids that are resistant to specific infections. That said, there’s an ongoing challenge to develop resistance to new strains of the most prevalent fungi. In all cases, it’s important to limit the rotation of sunflowers in the same soil to at least 4 years. Not only does that help minimize the spread of diseases throughout the crops, but it also helps increase yield and soil productivity.
Using an effective grow enhancer can definitely give you bigger yields and better crops. These products are also popular because they can be used through any stage of plant development such as germination, vegetation, and flowering. Grow enhancers are considered very effective because they contain a powerful combination of vitamins and other substances designed to help stimulate plant growth.
Plants need nutrients in order to grow and flourish and the most important factor that can affect you’re their size what you feed them. Provided that your indoor growing environment is within the correct temperature, humidity and lighting, your plants will either grow or die depending on what kind of hydroponics nutrients you supply them. To produce bigger flowers, it is highly recommended that you use bloom boosters. 
Always keep in mind that the successful growth of your hydroponic plants depends on what you feed them. The nutrient solution that you supply them plays a very important role in giving you a bigger and healthy crop. It is also very important to know that hydroponic 2 part nutrients always work better compared to one part formulations. This is because a hydroponic 2 formulation is carefully designed to be more readily available to your plants at the right times, unlike a one part formula that has the tendency to cause build ups in your hydroponics systems because of the many elements present in it.
Hydroponic plants need the correct temperature and humidity, moisture, light, air, the absence of pathogens and the correct ratios of nutrients in order for them to thrive. Thus, it is important for any novice hydroponic grower to know the essentials of plant nutrition to be able to maximize the genetic potential of his hydroponic plants. A hydroponic nutrient solution is composed of water, dissolved air and a dozen essential elements in their proper proportions. These essential elements are divided into two categories: the macronutrients and the micronutrients. The macronutrients are required to be supplied in greater amounts, while the micronutrients are delivered to the plants in smaller quantity. To make the most out of your nutrient feeding, it is advisable to use 2 part hydroponics nutrients to help in the different stages of your plants’ development.
The 2 part hydroponics nutrients consist mainly of two components; the Grow formulation and the Bloom formulation. The Grow formulation contains more nitrogen (N) that promotes better and stronger shoot and leaf growth in the vegetative stage, while the Bloom formulation contains higher phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) that help in the budding, flowering and fruiting of plants. Both formulations are very essential for healthy plant growth. These formulations also promote faster growth and vigorous flowering because they also contain the right amounts of minerals that your plants need at specific stages of development.
